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Who knew? All-carb breakfast unhealthy


Every time I go to the supermarket to shop for my monthly groceries, I am greeted by a barrage of breakfast cereal options. While I would love to dive in and get myself a bag of rice crispies or fruit loops or sugary sweet cornflakes [with false promises of weight loss], I stand back, hold my breath and move on to the healthier side of life. Breakfast cereals are great and taste fabulous, but keep in mind the fact that most of them are loaded with sugar, and not much else.

It is extremely important to ensure that breakfast is a balanced meal with the right amounts of protein, carbohydrates and healthy fats. This is where most breakfast cereals are found lacking, because other than the carbohydrates (and most of them are simple carbs), there isn't enough protein or healthy fat available. And while our traditional breakfast dishes do provide a better source of carbohydrates, they are usually lacking in protein — like 'Idli, Dosa, Sambar' or 'Aloo Paratha'.

It's not for nothing that they say breakfast is the most important meal of the day. After 8 hours of sleep [if you're sleeping right], it's the first thing you put into your body. Think of it like a car's fuel tank, running bone dry and dying to get some fuel at the closest petrol pump. What this basically means is that if you skip breakfast, you're letting your fuel tank [read your body] run on reserve, and eventually run dry. You feel tired, you get cranky and maybe even get a bad headache [I used to].

Why put yourself through all that when you have a simple solution before you? Let me assure you, I am by no means a food or fitness expert, I just know that this is what works for me. Here's my quick fix for breakfast. Always choose complex carbohydrates for your breakfast. Why? Because complex carbs take longer to break-down in your system than sugar heavy treats. That means you feel full longer and hungry much later and chances are it's better for you than a temporary sugar high. One of the easiest options I've found in that category is oats. Now mind you, I hate oats in a porridge form. It makes me feel like a horse with a bag of oatmeal strapped to his Jay-Leno like chin. What I do love, are milkshakes. So my quick-fix solution is a cup of milk, one scoop of oats [about 30 grams], one teaspoon of cocoa powder and a pinch of sugar. If you don't like chocolate, try fruits like strawberry or banana. Toss in a blender, whip it up and drink it. I guarantee you; you will not be running towards unhealthy snacks. Well, not for quite a few hours at least.

Of course that is under the rapid assumption you like milkshakes. If that much liquid is not quite your morning cup of tea, here's option number 2: an omelet. Take one whole egg, two egg whites and beat it together. Season with salt, pepper and any other condiments you might like, like oregano, chilli flakes etc. Use a good nonstick pan and a teaspoon of olive oil. Combine this with two slices of toasted brown bread [no butter!] and a serving of cold or hot milk.

If you like your desi tadka [read idli/dosa/upma] in the morning, then fear not, you can have it. But since it is not quite so protein rich, make sure you supplement this with a glass of milk and a handful of almonds or any other nuts you prefer and you've had a rollicking start to the day.

All three of the options listed above give you the right mix of carbohydrates, protein and healthy fats.

See, being healthy, isn't so hard is it? This is just the beginning. Eating right, and I do not mean dieting or starving, is all you need to ensure that your body is being treated well and loves you in return.
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Who knew? Drink water to keep diabetes at bay


Did you know that March 22nd is World Day for Water? Water has earned its pride of place as the panacea for most ills and the importance of staying hydrated, especially during dry, sweltering Indian summers is something we all know.

But did you know that water can also help keep diabetes at bay? This recent research states that the amount of water intake has a direct effect on how sugar regulation happens in the blood.

In almost a decade-long study conducted on about 3000 people, those who drank more water everyday were found to have lower blood sugar levels than those who didn't. The mechanism of sugar regulation lies with a hormone called vasopressin, which rises when the body is dehydrated and makes the liver produce more blood sugar.

More research is needed to ascertain the effect of water on blood sugar levels, but initial evidence suggests that adequate water intake can actually help stave off diabetes.
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Blocking the Stress Reaction

How beta blockers help reduce stress reaction on the heart.

Beta-blockers are commonly used by musicians and public speakers to calm things down before performances. But they have a much more serious role in modern medicine. The adrenalin system is activated in all of us when we're frightened or otherwise under stress. This is a major source of cardiovascular risk. Almost all the cells of the body have receptors on their walls which respond to adrenalin released under stress. This increases our heart rate and blood pressure in preparation for 'fight or flight'.

These receptors have been classified into several types, and the beta-receptors are one important subtype. In 1958 the first drug which blocked the effects of adrenalin on the heart was synthesised and by 1962 the first clinically useful agent, propranolol, was developed. Propranolol revolutionised the medical management of angina pectoris, arrhythmias and blood pressure. This class of agents is one of the most important in use today.

In recent years, drugs that more selectively affect the heart, such as atenolol, metoprolol and carvedilol have been developed. As a general rule we cannot say that one beta-blocker is more effective in improving cardiovascular outcome than any of the others. Beta-blockers are generally well tolerated. Side-effects can include a slow heart rate, fatigue, a depressed mood, unusual dreams, and in susceptible individuals, asthma attacks. All these are more likely to occur in the elderly. Contraindications to B-blockers are extremely slow heart rate, pre-existing heart conduction block or a history of asthma.

The New Role
In the last decade, a new role of B-blockers has revolutionised the management of heart failure patients. In patients with reduced pump function and heart failure, whether from heart attack damage or from some other causes, B-blockers (specifically, bisoprolol, long acting metoprolol and carvedilol) prevent further deterioration, helping them live longer and feel better than ever before.

Targeting blood pressure for primary prevention

Beta-blockers are very effective BP meds-by blocking adrenaline, heart rate and blood pressure are both lowered, and heart attacks and fatalities are prevented. There is currently some debate as to whether they are as good as other classes of BP meds for preventing strokes, and therefore whether they should be the firstline agents when being used primarily for BP. So far, we cannot draw a firm conclusion about this.

Major benefits in secondary prevention
The biggest role for these meds is in secondary prevention after a heart attack. The benefit seems to begin almost immediately, so intravenous metoprolol is commonly given in emergency rooms to heart attack victims. In patients with prior heart attacks, betablockers have reduced deaths anywhere from 19 to 48%, with a 28% decrease in second heart attacks as well.

Beta-blockers appear to protect people after a heart attack by preventing serious arrhythmia and sudden death, one of the major long-term risks for survivors. They are a critical line in the defence against future cardiac problems, and should be started immediately after an attack and continued at least for the first year, probably indefinitely.

We don't yet know if their protective effect wanes over very long time periods. Evidence also suggests they can be safely taken by diabetics. In patients with angina pectoris, the chest discomfort that comes with exertion in someone with blockages and stable angina (chest pain that occurs with stress or activity), beta-blockers make the heart work less hard, rebalance oxygen needs and reduce the symptoms of discomfort

Safe to Drink?
People say that drinking water stored in copper vessels is good for health. I think it's toxic! -Mani, Kolkata

We need a tiny amount of copper in our diet, it is what is called an essential trace element. Except for certain unusual disease situations, deficiency of the metal is extremely rare, as it is widely present in food-in wholegrain cereals, fruits and nuts. In fact, ingesting excess amounts of copper can be toxic, with symptoms ranging from vomiting blood to kidney damage.

Although high concentrations of copper can kill bacteria, this property has been used mainly for agricultural work, and even there, copper compounds are considered toxic, with many better alternatives. Some communities traditionally store drinking water in copper vessels, and even though several health benefits are attributed to the metal, it is difficult to say how much copper actually dissolves in the water. However, it would be quite reasonable to say that it could contribute to toxicity, without giving any benefits, as most people are ingesting enough of the metal anyway. Do remember that a few years ago, another commonly used metal, aluminium, was linked to Alzheimer's disease. There are more effective and less toxic ways to store clean water.
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Laugh Out Loud

Guffawing is great. It not only helps you bond better but also does your heart and head a sea of good.

When we moved into our home, I immediately fell in love with the expansive, lush green park in front. The only thing that startled me was the sound coming from the early morning laughter club that drowned out all other gentle sounds of nature. As I sat with my newspaper and tea in the balcony, a range of irritated thoughts passed my head from "Why do they have to be so loud?" to "They are just faking it", as I glowered at the group of senior men who were bent upon laughing their lungs out.

Eight years on, my attitude has changed, from irritated cynicism to wistful admiration. The group too has changed over the years as some very senior members have passed away making way for fresher greys. However, nothing, not even Delhi's extreme weather condition has dented their commitment and determination. And their early morning zest and back-slapping humour actually seems to be working wonders for them! There have been mornings when I have woken up feeling grumpy and on edge and their energetic mirth has added a dash of amusement and perked me up instantly.

If they can laugh for no reason then so can I! One very striking thing about laughter is that it is entirely social (unless you are watching a funny flick). We can smile alone, cry in solitude, be scared in isolation and rage all by ourselves, but we usually laugh when we are with people. It is even more contagious than yawning. Often while with friends and family, I have found myself laughing aloud at a joke that I did not entirely get. Laughter touches our empathy centre in

the brain and before we know it, we are giggling away merrily, our thinking brain desperately trying to catch up. As a kid I was always told that I laughed too much. I was sent out of class by my teachers for not being able to hold my mirth at the slightest provocation. My funny bone can still be tickled effortlessly and I also connect well with people who laugh easily. I have found that some of the most resilient people I have met are the ones who are able to laugh at themselves. An added bonus: a healthy sense of humour also keeps them going through the roughest of times. Robert Provine, a neuroscientist (Laughter: A Scientific Investigation, Penguin Books) gives a meticulous account of the anthropology and biology of laughter. According to him, laughter has tremendous analgesic properties.

In simple terms, it could be the best stress buster known to humans. It also has aerobic benefits as it activates the cardiovascular system, increases the heart rate and pumps more blood to internal organs. So the next time you miss the gym, don't fret. Just get hold of your friends or family and laugh it out. It will do your heart and your relationships a world of good! I have started believing that laughter is an excellent way to bond. Families that laugh together stay together. Giggling is the bonding glue for friends.

Even at workplaces, I have seen that teams that laugh together are most synergistic and effective. So if you are a little concerned about any relationship in your life, check out if you are injecting enough laughter into it. Whatever your unique style may be-giggle, chortle, chuckle, guffaw, hoot, cackle-don't hold back. Joyful living's got to be celebrated loudly.
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Make your Own Happiness Project

Train your brain to focus on the positive.
I'm a happiness junkie. I surround myself with happy memories, watch comedy shows and sitcoms and in a bookshop, I head straight for the philosophy section for books on happiness. This amuses my daughter who cannot fathom why a psychiatrist should look for books on happiness! Maybe, dealing with stories of trauma and sadness on a daily basis enhances one's quest for an antidote. In fact, while neuroscientists have improved their understanding of emotions like fear, envy, anger and even love, happiness is still an elusive concept. Hundreds of 'happiness' researchers around the world are working on unravelling it's various aspects.

A university in Rotterdam has a world database for happiness studies with 6713 publications in their bibliography of happiness! So what does neuroscience and mental health say about the subject? Rick Hanson a psychologist and neuroscientist proposes that happiness and contentment are related to negative and positive experiences which impact the brain. His theory is that the brain remembersnegative experiences more than positive ones-it's like Velcro for negative experiences and like Teflon for positive. As a result, even though many of us have many positive experiences, the brain tends to focus unduly on the negative-a barrier to feeling happy. The challenge is to enhance the positive experiences, keep their memories alive and replay them in your mind so they become positive implicit memories for the brain.

Happiness scientists had earlier described a Happiness treadmill. People seem to have a set point of happiness and external experiences appear to change the happiness levels only momentarily. Current neuroscience believes that the brain can be trained to be happy and focus on positive thoughts. It can also be trained to handle negative experiences in a manner that one bounces back to the default happiness state much faster. While some people may agonise over a remark that someone made, there are others who are upset for a moment but then brush it off and move on. The second variety of people, who do not allow themselves to ponder over negatives, are the ones who are more happy.

Matthieu Ricard, a microbiologist turned Buddhist monk remarks in a popular TED talk, how people want to be happy but end up doing things which cause unhappiness. He says that at any given time, the human brain can hold only one emotion and letting go of negative emotions such as hate, envy, arrogance and obsession gives way to compassion, love and happiness. He recommends 'mind training', a method of training the mind. When negative thoughts arise, do not nurture them but allow them to appear like clouds and gradually move away. Brain science has found that the left pre-frontal brain which is considered the jewel of human evolution lights up with activity when it is happy-be it through meditation or watching happy videos. The challenge is to keep it lit up most of the time.

I would recommend playing the 'My ten happy places' game. These places could be within you or outside you. A song that lifts you, the taste of mishti doi which lingers on in your mouth, a smiling child, the memory of your baby when you first held her, the sight of the sea, the smell of rain, your best friend, the joke you shared with your lover or the awe you feel on seeing the mountains. Find your ten happy places, nurture them, and let them help you tide through tough times so that you come back to your default state of happiness as soon as you can. Happy 2012.
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